Psychosocial factors of pregnant anaemia women attending selected health care facilities at UP- a study

Author Name: Mrs. Chilumula Chaitanya

Volume: 02/02

Country: India

DOI NO.: 11.2023-61555522 DOI Link: https://doi-ds.org/doilink/09.2024-26661559/GIJNR

Affiliation:

1. Professor cum Principal (Ph.D. scholar), Rohini College of Nursing, Hanamkonda, Telangana.

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Anemia is an alarming condition in pregnancy which needs a special attention to promote the health of the mother and child. Anemia is a major public health problem worldwide and is the most common Haematological disorder during pregnancy. The current study aimed to assess psychosocial factors that contribute to anemia in pregnant women. In this study, psychological factors refer to anxiety, depression, and stress, which affect the day-to-day activities during pregnancy and social factors refer to the obstetrical and demographic characteristics of anemic pregnant mothers. Materials and method: To identify the psychosocial aspects related to anemia in pregnant women, the researcher used an exploratory strategy in the current study. In this study, 700 anaemia pregnant women, aged between 14-48 years, and visiting selected healthcare facilities in UP, for prenatal checkup were selected. Data Collection: Using the Depression Distress Stress scale, psychological factors were evaluated. "Depression Anxiousness Anxiety Scale" was used to evaluate anxiety, stress, and depressive disorders in anemic pregnant women. Results: Most of the anaemic pregnant women had mild depression 288 (41.1%), mild stress 317 (45.3%), and mild anxiety 254 (36.3%). The demographic characteristic of the pregnant women showed that most of them belonged to the age group 21-30 years. Most of the anaemic pregnant women belong to low educational status (primary), less monthly income, lived in a joint family set-up, birth interval <1year, whereas majority of non-anaemic pregnant women had secondary education, employed, average monthly income, belonged to nuclear family set-up, residing in urban area,either 1-2 or 3-4 parity, and birth interval between 1-2 years. Conclusion: Regarding psychological factors that contribute to anemia in pregnant women, the study concluded that none of the anaemic pregnant women had severe and extremely severe depression, severe and extremely severe anxiety, and severe and extremely severe stress. Psychological factors such as depression, anxiety, stress, were significantly associated with severity of anaemia. Regarding social factors that contribute to anemia in pregnant women, the study concluded that, age, educational status, income, type of family set-up, residential area, dietary habits, parity, and interval between pregnancies are the high-risk factors for Anemia among pregnant women.

Key words: Psychosocial factors, Anaemia, Pregnant women, Healthcare facilities