Efficacy of Sitz Bath in Reducing Episiotomy Wound Pain Among Postnatal Mothers: Systematic Review

Author Name: Niketa Vaghela1, Parmar Amisha 2, Panchal Divya3

Volume: 03/01

Country: India

DOI NO.: 11.2023-61555522 DOI Link: https://doi-ds.org/doilink/06.2025-96877672/GIJNR

Affiliation:

1. Assistant Professor, Parul Institute of Nursing, Vadodara, Gujarat
2. Student, Parul Institute of Nursing Vadodara, Gujarat
3. Student, Parul Institute of Nursing Vadodara, Gujarat

ABSTRACT

Episiotomy, a common surgical intervention during vaginal delivery, often results in significant postnatal discomfort and delayed recovery. Non-pharmacological interventions such as sitz baths have emerged as effective, accessible options for pain management and wound healing. This systematic review evaluates the efficacy of sitz bath therapy in reducing episiotomy wound pain among postnatal mothers. Data were collected from published literature between 2018 and 2022, along with findings from a quasi-experimental study involving 30 postnatal mothers (15 in experimental and 15 in control groups). The primary outcome—pain intensity—was measured using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The review included randomized controlled trials, comparative and observational studies, and quasi-experimental designs that met specific inclusion criteria. Findings consistently indicated that sitz baths significantly reduce episiotomy pain, enhance perineal healing, and improve maternal comfort compared to standard care or other non-pharmacological methods. Variations such as medicated sitz baths (e.g., lavender oil) may offer additional benefits. Given its simplicity, affordability, and high patient acceptability, sitz bath therapy should be widely promoted as a standard component of postpartum care. Training healthcare providers and educating postnatal mothers on proper usage could enhance maternal outcomes, especially in resource-limited settings.

Key words: Episiotomy, Postnatal Pain, Sitz Bath Therapy, Perineal Care, Wound Healing, Non-Pharmacological Intervention