INFERTILITY AS A PUBLIC HEALTH CONCERN: A NARRATIVE REVIEW

Author Name: Mrs. Ekta Singh, Dr. Nisha

Volume: 03/02

Country: India

DOI NO.: 11.2023-61555522 DOI Link: https://doi-ds.org/doilink/06.2026-41345427/GIJNR

Affiliation:

1. Research Scholar, Department of nursing, Malwanchal University, Indore.
2. Research Supervisor, Department of nursing, Malwanchal University, Indore.

ABSTRACT

Introduction Infertility is a significant global public health issue affecting millions of individuals and couples during their reproductive years. According to the World Health Organization, approximately one in six adults experiences infertility during their lifetime. Beyond its clinical implications, infertility has profound psychological, social, economic, and demographic consequences. Delayed diagnosis, unhealthy lifestyles, environmental exposures, and unequal access to fertility care continue to increase the global burden of infertility. Objective: This narrative review aims to summarize the current evidence on the epidemiology, risk factors, diagnosis, management, prevention strategies, psychosocial impact, and public health implications of infertility, while highlighting the role of healthcare professionals and policy initiatives in improving reproductive health outcomes. Methods: A narrative review was conducted using electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library. Peer-reviewed articles, systematic reviews, clinical guidelines, and reports published between 2015 and 2026 were reviewed. Relevant publications from the World Health Organization, national health agencies, and professional organizations were also included. Key Findings: The literature indicates that infertility is influenced by multiple biological, environmental, lifestyle, and socioeconomic factors affecting both men and women. Common causes include ovulatory disorders, tubal disease, endometriosis, male factor infertility, hormonal abnormalities, and unexplained infertility. Infertility is associated with significant psychological distress, social stigma, reduced quality of life, and financial burden. Advances in assisted reproductive technologies have improved treatment outcomes; however, disparities in accessibility, affordability, and public awareness remain major challenges. Conclusion: Infertility should be recognized as an important public health priority requiring coordinated efforts from healthcare professionals, researchers, policymakers, and communities. Integrating infertility prevention, early diagnosis, evidence-based treatment, psychosocial support, and public awareness into reproductive health programmes can improve fertility outcomes and enhance the quality of life of affected individuals and couples.

Key words: : Infertility; Reproductive Health; Public Health; Assisted Reproductive Technology; Risk Factors; Prevention; Women's Health; Men's Health.